REXROTH液壓泵型號：4WE10D33/CG24N9K4
REXROTH液壓泵的工作原理圖。柱塞2依靠彈簧4壓在偏心輪1上，偏心輪轉動時，柱塞便作往復運動。柱塞向右移動時，密封腔因容積增大而形成一定真空，在大氣壓力作用下通過單向閥5從油箱吸進油液，這時單向閥6封閉壓油口防止系統(tǒng)油液回流；柱塞向左移動時，密封腔4容積減小，將已吸入的油液通過單向閥6壓出，這時單向閥5封閉吸油口防止油液流回油箱。偏心輪不停地轉動，泵就不斷地吸油和壓油。由此可見液壓泵是靠密封容積變化進行工作的，故常稱其為容積式泵。單向閥5和6是保證液壓泵正常吸油和壓油所必須的配油裝置。液壓泵的工作原理及主要結構特點 類型 結構、原理示意圖 工作原理 結構特點 外嚙合齒輪泵 當齒輪旋轉時，在A腔，由于輪齒脫開使容積逐漸增大，形成真空從油箱吸油，隨著齒輪的旋轉充滿在齒槽內的油被到B腔，在B腔，由于輪齒嚙合，容積逐漸減小，把液壓油排出 利用齒和泵殼形成的封閉容積的變化，完成泵的功能，不需要配流裝置，不能變量 結構zui簡單、價格低、徑向載荷大 內嚙合齒輪泵 當傳動軸帶動外齒輪旋轉時，與此相嚙合的內齒輪也隨著旋轉。吸油腔由于輪齒脫開而吸油，經隔板后，油液進入壓油腔，壓油腔由于輪齒嚙合而排油 典型的內嚙合齒輪泵主要有內齒輪、外齒輪及隔板等組成 利用齒和齒圈形成的容積變化，完成泵的功能。在軸對稱位置上布置有吸、排油口。不能變量 尺寸比外嚙合式略小，價格比外嚙合式略高，徑向載荷大 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L葉片泵 轉子旋轉時，葉片在離心力和壓力油的作用下，尖部緊貼在定子內表面上。這樣兩個葉片與轉子和定子內表面所構成的工作積，由小到大吸油后再由大到小排油，葉片旋轉一周時，完成兩次吸油和兩次排油 利用插入轉子槽內的葉片間容積變化，完成泵的用。在軸對稱位置上布置有兩組吸油口和排油口 徑向載荷小，噪聲較低流量脈動小 柱塞泵 柱塞泵由缸體與柱塞構成，柱塞在缸體內作往復運動，在工作容積增大時吸油，工作容積減小時排油。采用端面配油 徑向載荷由缸體外周的大軸承所平衡，以限制缸體的傾斜 利用配流盤配流 傳動軸只傳遞轉矩、軸徑較小。由于存在缸體的傾斜力矩，制造精度要求較高，否則易損壞配流盤 螺桿泵 一根主動螺桿與兩根從動螺桿相互嚙合，三根螺桿的嚙合線把螺旋槽分割成若干個密封容積。當螺桿旋轉時，這個密封容積沿軸向移動而實現(xiàn)吸油和排油 利用螺桿槽內容積的移動，產生泵的作用。 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L液壓泵的工作原理如圖3.1 所示，泵體3 和柱塞2 構成一個密封容積，偏心輪1 由原動機帶動旋轉，當偏心輪由圖示位置向下轉半周時，柱塞在彈簧6 的作用下向下移動，密封容積逐漸增大，形成局部真空，油箱內的油液在大氣壓作用下，頂開單向閥4 進入密封腔中，實現(xiàn)吸油；當偏心輪繼續(xù)再轉半周時，它推動柱塞向上移動，密封容積逐漸減小，油液受柱塞擠壓而產生壓力，使單向閥4 關閉，油液頂開單向閥5 而輸入系統(tǒng)，這就是壓油，液壓泵的供油壓力為p，供油流量為q。液壓泵都是依靠密封容積變化的原理來進行工作的，故一般稱為容積式液壓泵，圖3-1所示的是一單柱塞液壓泵的工作原理圖，圖中柱塞2裝在缸體3中形成一個密封容積a，柱塞在彈簧4的作用下始終壓緊在偏心輪1上。原動機驅動偏心輪1旋轉使柱塞2作往復運動，使密封容積a的大小發(fā)生周期性的交替變化。當a有小變大時就形成部分真空，使油箱中油液在大氣壓作用下，經吸油管頂開單向閥6進入油箱a而實現(xiàn)吸油；反之，當a由大變小時，a腔中吸滿的油液將頂開單向閥5流入系統(tǒng)而實現(xiàn)壓油。這樣液壓泵就將原動機輸入的機械能轉換成液體的壓力能，原動機驅動偏心輪不斷旋轉，液壓泵就不斷地吸油和壓油。 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L2.液壓泵的特點 單柱塞液壓泵具有一切容積式液壓泵的基本特點： （1）具有若干個密封且又可以周期性變化空間。液壓泵輸出流量與此空間的容積變化量和單位時間內的變化次數成正比，與其他因素無關。這是容積式液壓泵的一個重要特性。 （2）油箱內液體的壓力必須恒等于或大于大氣壓力。這是容積式液壓泵能夠吸入油液的外部條件。因此，為保證液壓泵正常吸油，油箱必須與大氣相通，或采用密閉的充壓油箱。 （3）具有相應的配流機構，將吸油腔和排液腔隔開，保證液壓泵有規(guī)律地、連續(xù)地吸、排液體。液壓泵的結構原理不同，其配油機構也不相同。 容積式液壓泵中的油腔處于吸油時稱為吸油腔。吸油腔的壓力決定于吸油高度和吸油管路的阻力，吸油高度過高或吸油管路阻力太大，會使吸油腔真空度過高而影響液壓泵的自吸能力；油腔處于壓油時稱為壓油腔，壓油腔的壓力則取決于外負載和排油管路的壓力損失，從理論上講排油壓力與液壓泵的流量無關。 容積式液壓泵排油的理論流量取決于液壓泵的有關幾何尺寸和轉速，而與排油壓力無關。但排油壓力會影響泵的內泄露和油液的壓縮量，從而影響泵的實際輸出流量，所以液壓泵的實際輸出流量隨排油壓力的升高而降低。 液壓泵按其在單位時間內所能輸出的油液的體積是否可調節(jié)而分為定量泵和變量泵兩類；按結構形式可分為齒輪式、葉片式和柱塞式三大類。
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